use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
    sync::Arc,
};

use anyhow::{Context, Error};
use futures::future::BoxFuture;
use tokio::runtime::Handle;
use virtual_fs::{FileSystem, FsError, OverlayFileSystem, RootFileSystemBuilder, TmpFileSystem};
use wasmer::Imports;
use webc::metadata::annotations::Wasi as WasiAnnotation;

use crate::{
    bin_factory::BinaryPackage,
    capabilities::Capabilities,
    journal::{DynJournal, SnapshotTrigger},
    WasiEnvBuilder,
};

pub const MAPPED_CURRENT_DIR_DEFAULT_PATH: &str = "/home";

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MappedCommand {
    /// The new alias.
    pub alias: String,
    /// The original command.
    pub target: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct CommonWasiOptions {
    pub(crate) entry_function: Option<String>,
    pub(crate) args: Vec<String>,
    pub(crate) env: HashMap<String, String>,
    pub(crate) forward_host_env: bool,
    pub(crate) mapped_host_commands: Vec<MappedCommand>,
    pub(crate) mounts: Vec<MountedDirectory>,
    pub(crate) is_home_mapped: bool,
    pub(crate) is_tmp_mapped: bool,
    pub(crate) injected_packages: Vec<BinaryPackage>,
    pub(crate) capabilities: Capabilities,
    pub(crate) journals: Vec<Arc<DynJournal>>,
    pub(crate) snapshot_on: Vec<SnapshotTrigger>,
    pub(crate) snapshot_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
    pub(crate) current_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
    pub(crate) additional_imports: Imports,
}

impl CommonWasiOptions {
    pub(crate) fn prepare_webc_env(
        &self,
        builder: &mut WasiEnvBuilder,
        container_fs: Option<Arc<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync>>,
        wasi: &WasiAnnotation,
        root_fs: Option<TmpFileSystem>,
    ) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
        if let Some(ref entry_function) = self.entry_function {
            builder.set_entry_function(entry_function);
        }

        let root_fs = root_fs.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            RootFileSystemBuilder::default()
                .with_tmp(!self.is_tmp_mapped)
                .build()
        });
        let fs = prepare_filesystem(root_fs, &self.mounts, container_fs)?;

        builder.add_preopen_dir("/")?;

        if self.mounts.iter().all(|m| m.guest != ".") {
            // The user hasn't mounted "." to anything, so let's map it to "/"
            let path = builder.get_current_dir().unwrap_or(PathBuf::from("/"));
            builder.add_map_dir(".", path)?;
        }

        builder.set_fs(Box::new(fs));

        for pkg in &self.injected_packages {
            builder.add_webc(pkg.clone());
        }

        let mapped_cmds = self
            .mapped_host_commands
            .iter()
            .map(|c| (c.alias.as_str(), c.target.as_str()));
        builder.add_mapped_commands(mapped_cmds);

        self.populate_env(wasi, builder);
        self.populate_args(wasi, builder);

        *builder.capabilities_mut() = self.capabilities.clone();

        builder.add_imports(&self.additional_imports);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn populate_env(&self, wasi: &WasiAnnotation, builder: &mut WasiEnvBuilder) {
        for item in wasi.env.as_deref().unwrap_or_default() {
            // TODO(Michael-F-Bryan): Convert "wasi.env" in the webc crate from an
            // Option<Vec<String>> to a HashMap<String, String> so we avoid this
            // string.split() business
            match item.split_once('=') {
                Some((k, v)) => {
                    builder.add_env(k, v);
                }
                None => {
                    builder.add_env(item, String::new());
                }
            }
        }

        if self.forward_host_env {
            builder.add_envs(std::env::vars());
        }

        builder.add_envs(self.env.clone());
    }

    fn populate_args(&self, wasi: &WasiAnnotation, builder: &mut WasiEnvBuilder) {
        if let Some(main_args) = &wasi.main_args {
            builder.add_args(main_args);
        }

        builder.add_args(&self.args);
    }
}

// type ContainerFs =
//     OverlayFileSystem<TmpFileSystem, [RelativeOrAbsolutePathHack<Arc<dyn FileSystem>>; 1]>;

fn build_directory_mappings(
    root_fs: &mut TmpFileSystem,
    mounted_dirs: &[MountedDirectory],
) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
    for dir in mounted_dirs {
        let MountedDirectory {
            guest: guest_path,
            fs,
        } = dir;
        let mut guest_path = PathBuf::from(guest_path);
        tracing::debug!(
            guest=%guest_path.display(),
            "Mounting",
        );

        if guest_path.is_relative() {
            guest_path = apply_relative_path_mounting_hack(&guest_path);
        }

        let guest_path = root_fs
            .canonicalize_unchecked(&guest_path)
            .with_context(|| {
                format!(
                    "Unable to canonicalize guest path '{}'",
                    guest_path.display()
                )
            })?;

        if guest_path == Path::new("/") {
            root_fs
                .mount_directory_entries(&guest_path, fs, "/".as_ref())
                .context("Unable to mount to root")?;
        } else {
            if let Some(parent) = guest_path.parent() {
                create_dir_all(&*root_fs, parent).with_context(|| {
                    format!("Unable to create the \"{}\" directory", parent.display())
                })?;
            }

            TmpFileSystem::mount(root_fs, guest_path.clone(), fs, "/".into())
                .with_context(|| format!("Unable to mount \"{}\"", guest_path.display()))?;
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

fn prepare_filesystem(
    mut root_fs: TmpFileSystem,
    mounted_dirs: &[MountedDirectory],
    container_fs: Option<Arc<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync>>,
) -> Result<Box<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync>, Error> {
    if !mounted_dirs.is_empty() {
        build_directory_mappings(&mut root_fs, mounted_dirs)?;
    }

    // HACK(Michael-F-Bryan): The WebcVolumeFileSystem only accepts relative
    // paths, but our Python executable will try to access its standard library
    // with relative paths assuming that it is being run from the root
    // directory (i.e. it does `open("lib/python3.6/io.py")` instead of
    // `open("/lib/python3.6/io.py")`).
    // Until the FileSystem trait figures out whether relative paths should be
    // supported or not, we'll add an adapter that automatically retries
    // operations using an absolute path if it failed using a relative path.

    let fs = if let Some(container) = container_fs {
        let container = RelativeOrAbsolutePathHack(container);
        let fs = OverlayFileSystem::new(root_fs, [container]);
        Box::new(fs) as Box<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync>
    } else {
        let fs = RelativeOrAbsolutePathHack(root_fs);
        Box::new(fs) as Box<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync>
    };

    Ok(fs)
}

/// HACK: We need this so users can mount host directories at relative paths.
/// This assumes that the current directory when a runner starts will be "/", so
/// instead of mounting to a relative path, we just mount to "/$path".
///
/// This isn't really a long-term solution because there is no guarantee what
/// the current directory will be. The WASI spec also doesn't require the
/// current directory to be part of the "main" filesystem at all, we really
/// *should* be mounting to a relative directory but that isn't supported by our
/// virtual fs layer.
///
/// See <https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/issues/3794> for more.
fn apply_relative_path_mounting_hack(original: &Path) -> PathBuf {
    debug_assert!(original.is_relative());

    let root = Path::new("/");
    let mapped_path = if original == Path::new(".") {
        root.to_path_buf()
    } else {
        root.join(original)
    };

    tracing::debug!(
        original_path=%original.display(),
        remapped_path=%mapped_path.display(),
        "Remapping a relative path"
    );

    mapped_path
}

fn create_dir_all(fs: &dyn FileSystem, path: &Path) -> Result<(), Error> {
    if fs.metadata(path).is_ok() {
        return Ok(());
    }

    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
        create_dir_all(fs, parent)?;
    }

    fs.create_dir(path)?;

    Ok(())
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MountedDirectory {
    pub guest: String,
    pub fs: Arc<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync>,
}

/// A directory that should be mapped from the host filesystem into a WASI
/// instance (the "guest").
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Converting a [`MappedDirectory`] to a [`MountedDirectory`] requires enabling
/// the `host-fs` feature flag. Using the [`From`] implementation without
/// enabling this feature will result in a runtime panic.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct MappedDirectory {
    /// The absolute path for a directory on the host filesystem.
    pub host: std::path::PathBuf,
    /// The absolute path specifying where the host directory should be mounted
    /// inside the guest.
    pub guest: String,
}

impl From<MappedDirectory> for MountedDirectory {
    fn from(value: MappedDirectory) -> Self {
        cfg_if::cfg_if! {
            if #[cfg(feature = "host-fs")] {
                let MappedDirectory { host, guest } = value;
                let fs: Arc<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync> =
                    Arc::new(virtual_fs::host_fs::FileSystem::new(Handle::current(), host).unwrap());

                MountedDirectory { guest, fs }
            } else {
                unreachable!("The `host-fs` feature needs to be enabled to map {value:?}")
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct RelativeOrAbsolutePathHack<F>(F);

impl<F: FileSystem> RelativeOrAbsolutePathHack<F> {
    fn execute<Func, Ret>(&self, path: &Path, operation: Func) -> Result<Ret, FsError>
    where
        Func: Fn(&F, &Path) -> Result<Ret, FsError>,
    {
        // First, try it with the path we were given
        let result = operation(&self.0, path);

        if result.is_err() && !path.is_absolute() {
            // we were given a relative path, but maybe the operation will work
            // using absolute paths instead.
            let path = Path::new("/").join(path);
            operation(&self.0, &path)
        } else {
            result
        }
    }
}

impl<F: FileSystem> virtual_fs::FileSystem for RelativeOrAbsolutePathHack<F> {
    fn readlink(&self, path: &Path) -> virtual_fs::Result<PathBuf> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| fs.readlink(p))
    }

    fn read_dir(&self, path: &Path) -> virtual_fs::Result<virtual_fs::ReadDir> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| fs.read_dir(p))
    }

    fn create_dir(&self, path: &Path) -> virtual_fs::Result<()> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| fs.create_dir(p))
    }

    fn remove_dir(&self, path: &Path) -> virtual_fs::Result<()> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| fs.remove_dir(p))
    }

    fn rename<'a>(&'a self, from: &Path, to: &Path) -> BoxFuture<'a, virtual_fs::Result<()>> {
        let from = from.to_owned();
        let to = to.to_owned();
        Box::pin(async move { self.0.rename(&from, &to).await })
    }

    fn metadata(&self, path: &Path) -> virtual_fs::Result<virtual_fs::Metadata> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| fs.metadata(p))
    }

    fn symlink_metadata(&self, path: &Path) -> virtual_fs::Result<virtual_fs::Metadata> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| fs.symlink_metadata(p))
    }

    fn remove_file(&self, path: &Path) -> virtual_fs::Result<()> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| fs.remove_file(p))
    }

    fn new_open_options(&self) -> virtual_fs::OpenOptions {
        virtual_fs::OpenOptions::new(self)
    }

    fn mount(
        &self,
        name: String,
        path: &Path,
        fs: Box<dyn FileSystem + Send + Sync>,
    ) -> virtual_fs::Result<()> {
        let name_ref = &name;
        let f_ref = &Arc::new(fs);
        self.execute(path, move |f, p| {
            f.mount(name_ref.clone(), p, Box::new(f_ref.clone()))
        })
    }
}

impl<F: FileSystem> virtual_fs::FileOpener for RelativeOrAbsolutePathHack<F> {
    fn open(
        &self,
        path: &Path,
        conf: &virtual_fs::OpenOptionsConfig,
    ) -> virtual_fs::Result<Box<dyn virtual_fs::VirtualFile + Send + Sync + 'static>> {
        self.execute(path, |fs, p| {
            fs.new_open_options().options(conf.clone()).open(p)
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::time::SystemTime;

    use tempfile::TempDir;
    use virtual_fs::{DirEntry, FileType, Metadata, WebcVolumeFileSystem};
    use wasmer_package::utils::from_bytes;

    use super::*;

    const PYTHON: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../../../c-api/examples/assets/python-0.1.0.wasmer");

    /// Fixes <https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/issues/3789>
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn mix_args_from_the_webc_and_user() {
        let args = CommonWasiOptions {
            args: vec!["extra".to_string(), "args".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut builder = WasiEnvBuilder::new("program-name");
        let fs = Arc::new(virtual_fs::EmptyFileSystem::default());
        let mut annotations = WasiAnnotation::new("some-atom");
        annotations.main_args = Some(vec![
            "hard".to_string(),
            "coded".to_string(),
            "args".to_string(),
        ]);

        args.prepare_webc_env(&mut builder, Some(fs), &annotations, None)
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            builder.get_args(),
            [
                // the program name from
                "program-name",
                // from the WEBC's annotations
                "hard",
                "coded",
                "args",
                // from the user
                "extra",
                "args",
            ]
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn mix_env_vars_from_the_webc_and_user() {
        let args = CommonWasiOptions {
            env: vec![("EXTRA".to_string(), "envs".to_string())]
                .into_iter()
                .collect(),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut builder = WasiEnvBuilder::new("python");
        let fs = Arc::new(virtual_fs::EmptyFileSystem::default());
        let mut annotations = WasiAnnotation::new("python");
        annotations.env = Some(vec!["HARD_CODED=env-vars".to_string()]);

        args.prepare_webc_env(&mut builder, Some(fs), &annotations, None)
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            builder.get_env(),
            [
                ("HARD_CODED".to_string(), b"env-vars".to_vec()),
                ("EXTRA".to_string(), b"envs".to_vec()),
            ]
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "host-fs"), ignore)]
    async fn python_use_case() {
        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
        let sub_dir = temp.path().join("path").join("to");
        std::fs::create_dir_all(&sub_dir).unwrap();
        std::fs::write(sub_dir.join("file.txt"), b"Hello, World!").unwrap();
        let mapping = [MountedDirectory::from(MappedDirectory {
            guest: "/home".to_string(),
            host: sub_dir,
        })];
        let container = from_bytes(PYTHON).unwrap();
        let webc_fs = WebcVolumeFileSystem::mount_all(&container);

        let root_fs = RootFileSystemBuilder::default().build();
        let fs = prepare_filesystem(root_fs, &mapping, Some(Arc::new(webc_fs))).unwrap();

        assert!(fs.metadata("/home/file.txt".as_ref()).unwrap().is_file());
        assert!(fs.metadata("lib".as_ref()).unwrap().is_dir());
        assert!(fs
            .metadata("lib/python3.6/collections/__init__.py".as_ref())
            .unwrap()
            .is_file());
        assert!(fs
            .metadata("lib/python3.6/encodings/__init__.py".as_ref())
            .unwrap()
            .is_file());
    }

    fn unix_timestamp_nanos(instant: SystemTime) -> Option<u64> {
        let duration = instant.duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH).ok()?;
        Some(duration.as_nanos() as u64)
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "host-fs"), ignore)]
    async fn convert_mapped_directory_to_mounted_directory() {
        let temp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
        let dir = MappedDirectory {
            guest: "/mnt/dir".to_string(),
            host: temp.path().to_path_buf(),
        };
        let contents = "Hello, World!";
        let file_txt = temp.path().join("file.txt");
        std::fs::write(&file_txt, contents).unwrap();
        let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&file_txt).unwrap();

        let got = MountedDirectory::from(dir);

        let directory_contents: Vec<_> = got
            .fs
            .read_dir("/".as_ref())
            .unwrap()
            .map(|entry| entry.unwrap())
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(
            directory_contents,
            vec![DirEntry {
                path: PathBuf::from("/file.txt"),
                metadata: Ok(Metadata {
                    ft: FileType::new_file(),
                    // Note: Some timestamps aren't available on MUSL and will
                    // default to zero.
                    accessed: metadata
                        .accessed()
                        .ok()
                        .and_then(unix_timestamp_nanos)
                        .unwrap_or(0),
                    created: metadata
                        .created()
                        .ok()
                        .and_then(unix_timestamp_nanos)
                        .unwrap_or(0),
                    modified: metadata
                        .modified()
                        .ok()
                        .and_then(unix_timestamp_nanos)
                        .unwrap_or(0),
                    len: contents.len() as u64,
                })
            }]
        );
    }
}